Procedure Description:

Cardiac Stent Implantation

Coronary stents (CS) are expandable tubular metallic implants inserted into congested coronary arteries caused by an underlying atherosclerotic disease. This revascularization treatment is known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary angioplasty with stent implantation.

Disease Overview:

Clogged heart arteries

Plaque development can restrict these arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart. Reduced blood flow may eventually result in chest discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, or other signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease. A heart attack might be caused by a total blockage.

Disease Signs and Symptoms:

Symptoms of Clogged Arteries

- Fatigue.

- Shortness of breath.

- Dizziness

- Lower back pain

- Chest pain

- Cold hands or feet.

- Pain or numbness in your legs, hands, or feet.

- Discoloration of the skin in the affected area.

Disease Causes:

Coronary artery disease is assumed to start when the inner layer of a coronary artery is damaged or injured, which can happen as early as childhood. Various things may contribute to the harm, including:

- Smoking

- Blood pressure that is too high

- Cholesterol levels are high.

- Insulin resistance or diabetes

- Being inactive (sedentary lifestyle)

Disease Diagnosis:

A physical exam and a study of your personal and family medical history will precede your diagnosis. Additional tests may be required to determine the exact location and severity of the obstruction. Testing might comprise the following:

- Cardiac catheterization: a procedure in which your doctor inserts a very small, flexible, hollow tube called a catheter into a blood artery in your groyne, arm, or neck and threads it into your heart.

- Ultrasound

- MUGA scans, for example, are nuclear scans.

- Measurements of blood pressure

- perfusion Scan

- computed tomography (CT) scan 

- Blood test

These tests can be used to determine the amount of fats and cholesterol in your blood, the amount of resistance your heart faces when pumping blood (blood pressure), how well oxygen-rich blood reaches specific parts of the body, and the extent of damage to areas of the body where an artery has become clogged.

Disease Treatment:

Clogged artery treatment should be done in a comprehensive manner. The issues that lead to the blocked artery will be addressed first by your doctor. Changes in one's lifestyle are critical, and may include:

- Quitting Smoking

- dietary modifications

- Exercise on a regular basis

- Management of diabetes

- Controlling blood pressure

Medications can help you treat a variety of illnesses that might lead to blocked arteries, including:

- Statins, for example, are cholesterol-lowering drugs.

- Beta blockers and other blood pressure medications

- Insulin and other diabetes-controlling medications

Surgery:

Coronary Angioplasty: a technique that opens blocked heart arteries with the use of a catheter. Angioplasty is a procedure that involves inserting a small balloon catheter into a clogged blood artery to assist expand it and enhance blood flow to the heart.

Angioplasty is frequently paired with the insertion of a stent, a tiny wire mesh tube. The stent keeps the artery open and reduces the chances of it closing again. The majority of stents include a pharmaceutical coating to assist maintain the artery open (drug-eluting stents). Bare-metal stents are only utilised in a few cases.

Balloon Angioplasty

Other Procedure can be Laser angioplasty and Atherectomy