Procedure Description:

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Minimally invasive spine surgery, or MIS, aims to relieve pressure on the spinal nerves, which is typically caused by problems like scoliosis, bone spurs, ruptured discs, spinal instability, or spinal malignancies. It also aims to stabilize the vertebral bones and spinal joints.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques can be quicker, safer, and need less recovery time than open spine surgery. The following are possible advantages since there is less damage to the muscles and soft tissues (in comparison to open procedures):

1. Smaller skin incisions (sometimes as little as several millimeters) yield better esthetic effects.

2. Less blood loss during operations

3. A lower chance of muscular injury since minimal or no muscle cutting is necessary

4. A lower chance of infection and pain following surgery

5. Less time spent recovering from surgery and less need for rehabilitation

6. Less dependence on painkillers following surgery

Disease Overview:

A issue with one of the rubbery cushions, known as disks, that sit in between the bones that stack to form the spine is referred to as a herniated disk. Vertebrae are the name for these bones.

The nucleus is the soft, jelly-like core of a spinal disk. The annulus, a harder, rubbery outer layer, surrounds the nucleus. When a portion of the nucleus protrudes through an annular tear, a herniated disk results. There are instances when a herniated disk is referred to as a ruptured or slid disk. Although they can develop anywhere along the spine, a herniated disk most frequently affects the lower back. Depending on the location of the herniated disk, an arm or leg may experience discomfort, numbness, or weakness.

Disease Sign and Symptoms:

Although they can sometimes happen in the neck, herniated disks typically occur in the lower back. The location of the disk and whether it is pushing on a nerve determine the symptoms. One side of the body is typically affected by herniated disks.

1. Leg or arm pain. You may experience pain in your lower back, buttocks, thigh, and calf if you have a lower back herniated disk. You may also be experiencing discomfort in a portion of your foot.

2. Your arm and shoulder will usually hurt the most if you have a herniated disk in your neck. When you cough, sneeze, or move into specific positions, this pain may shoot into your arm or leg. Sharp or searing pain is a common description of pain.

3. Tingling or numbness. Herniated disk patients frequently experience radiating tingling or numbness in the body area that the damaged nerves service.

4. Weakness. The afflicted nerves' supplied muscles typically deteriorate. This may impair your ability to lift or grip objects, or it may make you stumble.

A herniated disk can occur without any symptoms. It's possible that you won't be aware of it until a spinal scan reveals it.

Disease Causes:

Most frequently, disk degeneration—a slow, age-related wear and tear—is the cause of disk herniation. The disks become less pliable with age and are more likely to rupture or tear at the slightest twist or strain.

For most people, the etiology of their ruptured disk is unknown. A herniated disk can occasionally result from lifting large objects with the back muscles engaged rather than the leg and thigh muscles. An additional way to get a herniated disk is to twist and turn when lifting. Seldom is the reason a traumatic incident such a fall or knock to the back.

The following variables may make a herniated disk more likely:

1. Mass. The lower back disks are subjected to additional strain when a person is overweight.

2. Profession. Individuals who have physically demanding occupations are more likely to develop back issues. Sideways bending, twisting, tugging, pushing, and lifting repeatedly can further raise the chance of a ruptured disk.

3. Heredity. A herniated disk is a condition that certain people are predisposed to getting.

4. smoking. It is believed that smoking reduces the oxygen that disks receive, hastening their decomposition.

5. Frequently taking to the wheel. The combination of prolonged sitting and the vibrations of an engine in a car might strain the spine.

6. Being inactive. A herniated disk can be avoided with regular exercise.

Disease Diagnosis:

During the physical examination, the medical professional will feel for any sore spots on your back. To identify the source of your pain, you may be asked to lie flat and move your legs in different positions. In order to assess your reflexes, muscle strength, gait, and ability to feel vibrations, pinpricks, or light touches, your doctor may also do a neurological exam.

A physical examination and a patient's medical history are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis of a herniated disk. You may undergo one or more of the following tests if your medical expert needs to determine which nerves are impacted or if they suspect another condition.

imaging examinations

- X-rays: While they are unable to identify herniated disks, plain X-rays can rule out other possible reasons of back discomfort. X-rays might reveal a broken bone, malignancy, infection, or problems with spinal alignment.

- CT scan. A CT scanner records several X-rays from various angles. Cross-sectional pictures of the spinal column and the surrounding structures are produced by combining those images.

- MRI: This imaging technique uses radio waves and a powerful magnetic field to produce images of the interior organs. This test can be used to determine which nerves are impacted and to confirm where the herniated disk is located.

- Myelogram: Prior to a CT scan, a dye is injected into the spinal fluid. This examination can reveal issues such as multiple herniated disks or pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

- Nerve tests: Electromyograms (EMGs) and nerve conduction investigations assess the efficiency with which electrical impulses travel through nerve tissue. This may assist in identifying the precise site of nerve injury.

- Nerve conduction study: This examination uses electrodes applied to the skin to measure electrical nerve impulses and nerve and muscle function. When a tiny current flows through a nerve, the study examines the electrical impulses in the nerve signals.

- Electromyogram (EMG): A needle electrode is inserted by a physician through the skin into different muscles to perform an EMG. Muscle electrical activity at rest and during contraction is assessed by this test.