DIAGNOSTICS Both Eye Fundus Fluorescein angiography:

Fluorescein angiography is an eye examination that examines blood flow in the retina and choroid using a particular dye and camera. The two layers in the rear of the eye are these.

The blood flow to your retina and the rest of your eye is examined using fluorescein angiography. It may be recommended by your eye doctor to diagnose, confirm, or rule out a retinal condition, such as ocular melanoma (cancer) To determine whether or not an eye therapy is effective.

Disease Overview:

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye condition caused by diabetes. Damage to the light-sensitive tissue at the rear of the eye's blood vessels causes it (retina). Diabetic retinopathy may cause no or minor visual issues at first.

Disease Signs and Symptoms:

• Spots or black threads appear in your field of view (floaters)
• Vision is hazy.
• Vision that shifts.
• In your eyesight, there are dark or empty places.
• There is a loss of vision.

Disease Causes:

Diabetes causes elevated blood sugar, which leads to diabetic retinopathy. Too much sugar in your blood can damage your retina, which detects light and transmits messages to your brain through a nerve at the back of your eye, over time (optic nerve).

Disease Diagnosis:

A complete dilated eye exam is the best way to identify diabetic retinopathy. Drops in your eyes expand (dilate) your pupils to enable your doctor a better look inside your eyes during this test. The drops might produce blurry vision in close quarters until they wear off, which can take several hours.

Angiography using fluorescein

A dye is injected into a vein in your arm after your eyes have been dilated. The dye is then circulated into the blood vessels in your eyes, and photographs are taken. Blood vessels that are closed, damaged, or leaking can be identified using these photos.

Optical coherence tomography is a type of imaging that uses light to create images (OCT)

The images produced by this test provide cross-sectional images of the retina, which reveal the thickness of the retina. This will assist identify how much fluid has leaked into the retinal tissue, if any at all. OCT tests can then be used to track how well the therapy is functioning.

Disease Treatment:

The goal of treatment is to delay or stop the progression f diabetic retinopathy, which varies depending on the type and severity of the condition.

Diabetic retinopathy in its early stages: You may not require therapy right away if you have mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Your eye doctor, on the other hand, will keep a careful check on your eyes to see whether you require therapy.

Consult your diabetes doctor (endocrinologist) to see if there are any changes that may be made to your diabetes care. Good blood sugar control can typically decrease the growth of diabetic retinopathy when it is mild or moderate.

You'll require immediate treatment if you have proliferative diabetic retinopathy or macular edoema. Depending on the nature of your retinal abnormalities, you may have the following options:

Medications are injected into the eye. These drugs are injected into the vitreous of the eye and are known as vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. They aid in the prevention of new blood vessel formation and the reduction of fluid accumulation.

Topical anaesthetic is used to inject these medications. For up to 24 hours following the injection, moderate discomfort such as burning, tearing, or soreness may occur. A buildup of pressure in the eye and infection are two possible adverse effects.

These injections will have to be repeated several times. The medicine is sometimes used with photocoagulation.

Photocoagulation. This laser treatment, sometimes called focused laser treatment, can stop or delay blood and fluid leaking in the eye. Laser burns are used to address leakage from aberrant blood vessels during the treatment.

A single session of focal laser therapy is normally performed in your doctor's office or at an eye clinic. If you had macular edoema and had blurry vision before surgery, the therapy may not restore your eyesight, but it will likely lessen the risk of the macular edoema deteriorating.

Photocoagulation of the whole retina. The aberrant blood vessels can be shrunk by this laser treatment, also known as scatter laser treatment. The portions of the retina farthest from the macula are treated with dispersed laser burns during the process.

The aberrant new blood vessels shrink and scar as a result of the burns. It's normally done in two or more sessions at your doctor's office or an eye clinic. For approximately a day following the surgery, your eyesight will be hazy. It's likely that you'll lose some peripheral vision or night vision as a result of the treatment.

Vitrectomy. This technique involves making a small incision in your eye to remove blood from the vitreous and scar tissue that is straining on the retina. It is performed under local or general anaesthesia at a surgical facility or hospital.

Diabetic retinopathy can be slowed or stopped with therapy, but it is not a cure. Future retinal degeneration and vision loss are still conceivable because diabetes is a lifetime illness.

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